Rubus fruticosus aggr.

Species description (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

bis 3 m hoch, mit 1-6 m langen, aufrechten, bogigen oder kriechenden, mit Stacheln besetzten Schösslingen. Schösslings­blätter 3-5(-7)zählig zusammengesetzt, winter- oder sommergrün, Stiel der Schösslingsblätter nur am Grund rinnig, nie über die ganze Länge, Teilblätter sich randlich selten überlappend, die 2 unteren Teilblätter der 5zähligen Blätter 1-12 mm lang gestielt. Nebenblätter fädig bis schmallineal (0,1-1 mm breit). Kronblätter elliptisch, nicht knitterig, weiss bis rosarot. Frucht meist komplett entwickelt, glänzend schwarz oder schwarzrot, nicht bereift.

Flowering period (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

5-8

Habitat and distribution inside Switzerland (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

Hecken, Gebüsche, Waldränder, Wälder / kollin-subalpin / CH

World distribution (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

Weltweit

Ecological indicator (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

3x4-34x.d-f.2n=14,21,28,35

Habitat and distribution inside Switzerland

CH

World distribution

Weltweit

Life form

Habitats

Ecological indicator values by © Landolt & al. (2010)

Soil factors		Climatic factors		Salinity tolerance
Humidity Value H	--	Light Value L	--	Salinity Index	--
Reaction Value R	--	Temperature factor T	--
Nutriments value N	--	Continentality K	--

• Ecological values legend
  

  Humidity Value H
  1	very dry
  1+	dry
  2	moderatly dry
  2+	moist
  3	medium wet
  3+	wet
  4	very wet
  4+	soggy
  5	submerged or underwater
  f	plants living in running water
  u	mostly submerged plants
  v	partly submerged, partly floating plants
  w	humidity moderately variable (± scale of 1-2)
  w+	highly variable humidity (scale exceeding ± 2)

  Reaction Value R
  1	Very acid (pH 2.5-5.5)
  2	acid (pH 3.5-6.5)
  3	lightly acid to neutral (pH 4.5-7.5)
  4	neutral to basic (pH 5.5-8.5)
  5	basic (pH 6-5 -> 8.5

  Nutriments value N
  1	very low in nutrients
  2	low in nutriments
  3	medium-poor to medium-rich in nutrients
  4	rich in nutriments
  5	very rich in nutriments

  Salinity tolerance
  1	halotolerant
  3	halophyle

  Light Value L
  1	very shady
  2	shady
  3	lighted areas
  4	luminous
  5	highly luminous

  Temperature factor T
  1	alpine to nival stages (from the treeline to the snowline)
  1+	suprasubalpine and upper subalpine levels (pine and larch forests)
  2	subalpine level (coniferous forests without beeches up to the upper limit of spruces)
  2+	lower subalpine and upper mountain stages
  3	mountain level (beech and silver fir forests, in the central Alps Scots pine forests)
  3+	lower mountain and upper hill levels
  4	hill level (mixed deciduous oak forests)
  4+	hot places, hill level
  5	very hot places, hill level (only in the hottest places, typical of southern Europe)

  Continentality K
  1	Atlantic (high air humidity, very low temperature variations, mild winters)
  2	Sub-Atlantic (high air humidity, low temperature variations, relatively mild winters)
  3	sub-Atlantic to subcontinental (average air humidity, moderately variable temperature, slightly low winter temperatures)
  4	subcontinental (low air humidity, large temperature variations, rather cold winters)
  5	continental (very low air humidity, very large temperature variations, cold winters)