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Cypripedium calceolus L.

Cypripedium calceolus L.

Species
ISFS : 130400
Checklist : 1014460
  1. Orchidaceae
  2. Cypripedium
  3. Cypripedium calceolus L.

Synthesis

Species description (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

15-50 cm hoch, mit 2-4 breit-elliptischen, spitzen, stängelumfassenden, fein behaarten Blättern und 1-2, selten 3 Blüten. Die 3 äusseren Perigonblätter bis 5 cm lang, breit-lanzettlich, abstehend, die beiden inneren auf ca. 4/5 der Länge verwachsen und abwärts gerichtet, alle purpurbraun. Lippe sehr gross, bauchig aufgeblasen, gelb, 3-4 cm lang. Kein Sporn.

Flowering period (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

5-6(-7)

Habitat and distribution inside Switzerland (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

Wälder, Gebüsche / kollin-subalpin / CH

World distribution (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

Eurasiatisch

Ecological indicator (© Landolt & al. 2010)

3w42-33+3.g.2n=20,22

Status

IUCN status

 Vulnerable

National Priority

 4 - weak national priority

International responsibility

 1 - weak

Conservation

Threats


Zuwachsen, Beschattung, Verbuschung
Wegbau, Fortsstrassen
Waldweide
Touristische Erschliessungen
Intensive Forstwirtschaft (befahren mit Maschinen, Rücken von Holz, Monokulturen, standortsfremde Anpflanzungen)
Pflücken, Ausgraben, Fotografieren
Änderung Wasserregime, Grundwasserabsenkung
Mangelnde populationsbiologische und ökologische Kenntnisse
Kleine, isolierte Populationen

Anatomy

Summary of stem anatomy (German)

Umriss rund gewellt. Leitbündel diffus verteilt. Epidermiszellen nicht verholzt.

Description

Culm-diameter 2-5 mm, wall very large, radius of culm in relation to wall thickness approximately 1:0.75. Outline circular wavy. Center hollow and surrounded by many large thin-walled, not lignified cells. Without cortex/cylinder separation. Epidermis cells thin-walled all around. Large vascular bundles distributed in the whole culm. Sclerenchymatic sheath around vascular bundles one-sided large, 2-4 cells, centripetal. Vessel arrangement horseshoe-like. Largest vessel in the bundle 20-50 μm. Cavities (intercellulars) between parenchyma-cells small, often triangular.

Distribution map

Simple

Before threshold year
After threshold year
Before and after threshold year

Advanced

Colors
Validated observations
Observations waiting for validation
Occurrences from Atlas Welten & Sutter (1982) and supplements (1984, 1994) without confirmation in the Info Flora database since
Symbols
Before threshold year
After threshold year
Native
Reintroduced
Not native / introduced / subspontaneous / escaped
Doubtful

Number of observations

Below the threshold number of observations
Above or equal the threshold number of observations

Habitat and distribution inside Switzerland

CH

World distribution

Eurasiatisch

Ecology

Life form

Geophyte

Habitats

Habitats © Delarze & al. 2015

Less strictly linked to a specific habitat 6.2.1 - Orchideen-Buchenwald (Cephalanthero-Fagenion)
Less strictly linked to a specific habitat 6.4.1 - Pfeifengras-Föhrenwald (Molinio-Pinion)

bold Dominant species, influencing the appearance of the habitat
Character species Character species
Less strictly linked to a specific habitat Less strictly linked to a specific habitat

Ecological indicator values by © Landolt & al. (2010)

Soil factors Climatic factors Salinity tolerance
Humidity Value H 3w Light Value L 3 Salinity Index --
Reaction Value R 4 Temperature factor T 3+
Nutriments value N 2 Continentality K 3
  • Ecological values legend
    Humidity Value H
    1very dry
    1+dry
    2moderatly dry
    2+moist
    3medium wet
    3+wet
    4very wet
    4+soggy
    5submerged or underwater
    fplants living in running water
    umostly submerged plants
    vpartly submerged, partly floating plants
    whumidity moderately variable (± scale of 1-2)
    w+highly variable humidity (scale exceeding ± 2)
    Reaction Value R
    1Very acid (pH 2.5-5.5)
    2acid (pH 3.5-6.5)
    3lightly acid to neutral (pH 4.5-7.5)
    4neutral to basic (pH 5.5-8.5)
    5basic (pH 6-5 -> 8.5
    Nutriments value N
    1very low in nutrients
    2low in nutriments
    3medium-poor to medium-rich in nutrients
    4rich in nutriments
    5very rich in nutriments
    Salinity tolerance
    1halotolerant
    3halophyle
    Light Value L
    1very shady
    2shady
    3lighted areas
    4luminous
    5highly luminous
    Temperature factor T
    1alpine to nival stages (from the treeline to the snowline)
    1+suprasubalpine and upper subalpine levels (pine and larch forests)
    2subalpine level (coniferous forests without beeches up to the upper limit of spruces)
    2+lower subalpine and upper mountain stages
    3mountain level (beech and silver fir forests, in the central Alps Scots pine forests)
    3+lower mountain and upper hill levels
    4hill level (mixed deciduous oak forests)
    4+hot places, hill level
    5very hot places, hill level (only in the hottest places, typical of southern Europe)
    Continentality K
    1Atlantic (high air humidity, very low temperature variations, mild winters)
    2Sub-Atlantic (high air humidity, low temperature variations, relatively mild winters)
    3sub-Atlantic to subcontinental (average air humidity, moderately variable temperature, slightly low winter temperatures)
    4subcontinental (low air humidity, large temperature variations, rather cold winters)
    5continental (very low air humidity, very large temperature variations, cold winters)

Water dependency

Rivers 1 - Secondary habitat
Calm water 0 - No link
Ground water 0 - No link

Nomenclature

Accepted Name (Checklist 2017)

Cypripedium calceolus L.

Vernacular name

Deutscher Name :

Frauenschuh

Nom français :

Sabot de Vénus

Nome italiano :

Pianelle della Madonna

Match with other reference books

Relation Nom Book No
=Cypripedium calceolus L.Checklist 2017130400
=Cypripedium calceolus L.Flora Helvetica 20012933
=Cypripedium calceolus L.Flora Helvetica 20122517
=Cypripedium calceolus L.Flora Helvetica 20182517
=Cypripedium calceolus L.Index synonymique 1996130400
=Cypripedium calceolus L.Landolt 1977717
=Cypripedium calceolus L.Landolt 1991625
=Cypripedium calceolus L.SISF/ISFS 2130400
=Cypripedium calceolus L.Welten & Sutter 19822515
= The taxon corresponds to the accepted taxon (Checklist 2017)
< The taxon is included in the accepted taxon (Checklist 2017)
> The taxon includes (among others) also the accepted taxon (Checklist 2017)

Status

Native status

-
IUCN list of endangered species (© Walter & Gillett 1997) : No

Status on national Red List 2016

IUCN status:

 Vulnerable

Vulnerable

Additional information

IUCN criteria: B2ab(iii)

Status on regional Red List 2019

Biogregraphic regions Status IUCN criteria
Jura (JU) ENA3c
Mittelland (MP) VUA3c
Alpennordflanke (NA) VUA3c
Alpensüdflanke (SA) VUA3c
Östliche Zentralalpen (EA) VUA3c
Westliche Zentralalpen (WA) VUA3c
  • Legend
    EXExtinct
    RERegionally Extinct
    CR(PE)Critically Endangered, Probably Extinct
    CRCritically Endangered
    ENEndangered
    VUVulnerable
    NTNear Threatened
    LCLeast Concern

National Priority Species List Status

National Priority 4 - weak national priority
Need to take action 2 -
International responsibility 1 - weak
Need to monitor populations 1 -

Protection status

International (Bern Convention) Yes
AGtotal protection (01.01.2010)
BEtotal protection (01.01.2016)
FRtotal protection (12.03.1973)
GLtotal protection (07.05.2006)
GRtotal protection (01.12.2012)
JUtotal protection (06.12.1978)
NEtotal protection (01.08.2013)
OWtotal protection (01.04.2013)
SOtotal protection (23.02.1972)
Switzerland total protection
URtotal protection (01.07.2009)
VDtotal protection (02.03.2005)
ZGtotal protection (01.10.2013)
ZHtotal protection (03.12.1964)
TItotal protection (23.01.2013)
ARtotal protection (01.01.1995)
AItotal protection (13.03.1989)
BLtotal protection (01.01.2012)
  • Disclaimer
    InfoFlora compiles information on protected species as accurately as possible, taking it from the respective cantonal laws. In some cases, however, it was not possible to use the plant names as listed in the original text, but an interpretation of their taxonomy or nomenclature was necessary. The exact meaning of the categories „completely protected“ and „partially protected“ differs among the cantons.

    InfoFlora cannot guarantee that the information on the protection status is correct and complete. In case of doubts, we recommend to look up the texts of the respective cantonal law.

Status by sector of activity

Forest management environmental objectives : Z - more informations

Conservation

Threats and measures

Zuwachsen, Beschattung, Verbuschung


Betroffene Vorkommen ausholzen oder entbuschen, Lichtbaumarten wie Esche und Föhre fördern

Wegbau, Fortsstrassen


Zuständige Gemeinden informieren
Rücksichtnahme auf bestehende Populationen

Waldweide


Einzäunen von gefährdeten Populationen
Beweidung extensivieren

Touristische Erschliessungen


Keine weiteren Erschliessungen durchführen
Naturschutzzonen schaffen

Intensive Forstwirtschaft (befahren mit Maschinen, Rücken von Holz, Monokulturen, standortsfremde Anpflanzungen)


Angepasste, lichte offene Wälder fördernde Bewirtschaftung
Naturwaldreservate, Altholzinseln und Teilreservate schaffen
naturnaher Waldbau fördern
Holz an den Fundorten nicht oder nur bei stark gefrorenem Boden herausziehen

Pflücken, Ausgraben, Fotografieren


Weitere Pflanzenschutzgebiete initiieren
Informationstafeln
problematische Gebiete einzäunen oder während der Blütezeit überwachen

Änderung Wasserregime, Grundwasserabsenkung


Natürliche Flussdynamik fördern
Renaturierungen

Mangelnde populationsbiologische und ökologische Kenntnisse


Abklären der bestimmenden arealökologischen Faktoren
der wechselseitigen Beziehung Keimpilz/ Pflanze und deren Abhängigkeit von abiotischen und biotischen Faktoren, des klonalen Wachstums, der Populationsdynamik in Abhängigkeit der Veränderung der Habitate u.a.

Kleine, isolierte Populationen


Fundstellen schützen (Mikroreservate)
periodische Kontrollen
Feldkontrolle aller älteren Populationen (vor 1980)
Erfolgskontrolle der Massnahmen gewährleisten.

In-situ measures

More informations

Conservation fact sheet (in german)INPN MNHN: Le Sabot de Vénus (Cypripedium calceolus L.)C. Gnägi, 2016: Cypripedium calceolus, Aktionsplan Orchideen Kt. Bern, Pro NaturaSCNAT, 2018: Conservation et promotion de Cypripedium calceolus - collaboration entre pratique et recherche, Rapport du workshopB. Schatz et al., 2014: Conservation du Sabot de Vénus en France: bilan et préconisation, Cah. Soc. Fr. Orch., N 8F. Nicolè, E. Brzosko, I. Toll-Bottraud, 2005: Population viability analysis of Cypripedium calceolus in a protected area: longevity, stability and persistence, Journal of Ecology 93, 716 –726F. Nicolè, 2005: Biologie de la conservation appliquée aux plantes menacées des Alpes. Ecologie, Environnement. Université Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I, Français.A. Jakubska-Busse, S. Tsiftsis, M. Śliwiński, Z. Křenová, V. Djordjević, C. Steiu, M. Kolanowska, P. Efimov, S. Hennigs, P. Lustyk, K. Kreutz, 2021: How to Protect Natural Habitats of Rare Terrestrial Orchids Effectively: A Comparative Case Study of CypriLUBW Baden-Württenberg: Artensteckbrief - Frauenschuh - Cypripedium calceolus LinnaeusR. Gargiulo and al., 2021: Combining current knowledge of Cypripedium calceolus with a new analysis of genetic variation in Italian populations to provide guidelines for conservation actions