Centaurea solstitialis L.

Species description (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

Flowering period (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

Habitat and distribution inside Switzerland (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

World distribution (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

Ecological indicator (© Landolt & al. 2010)

Habitat and distribution inside Switzerland

World distribution

Life form

Habitats

Milieux Phytosuisse (© Prunier et al. 2017)

Habitats © Delarze & al. 2015

7.1.5 - Trockenwarme Ruderalflur (Onopordion)

bold Dominant species, influencing the appearance of the habitat
Character species
Less strictly linked to a specific habitat

Ecological indicator values by © Landolt & al. (2010)

• Ecological values legend
  

  Humidity Value H
  1	very dry
  1+	dry
  2	moderatly dry
  2+	moist
  3	medium wet
  3+	wet
  4	very wet
  4+	soggy
  5	submerged or underwater
  f	plants living in running water
  u	mostly submerged plants
  v	partly submerged, partly floating plants
  w	humidity moderately variable (± scale of 1-2)
  w+	highly variable humidity (scale exceeding ± 2)

  Reaction Value R
  1	Very acid (pH 2.5-5.5)
  2	acid (pH 3.5-6.5)
  3	lightly acid to neutral (pH 4.5-7.5)
  4	neutral to basic (pH 5.5-8.5)
  5	basic (pH 6-5 -> 8.5

  Nutriments value N
  1	very low in nutrients
  2	low in nutriments
  3	medium-poor to medium-rich in nutrients
  4	rich in nutriments
  5	very rich in nutriments

  Salinity tolerance
  1	halotolerant
  3	halophyle

  Light Value L
  1	very shady
  2	shady
  3	lighted areas
  4	luminous
  5	highly luminous

  Temperature factor T
  1	alpine to nival stages (from the treeline to the snowline)
  1+	suprasubalpine and upper subalpine levels (pine and larch forests)
  2	subalpine level (coniferous forests without beeches up to the upper limit of spruces)
  2+	lower subalpine and upper mountain stages
  3	mountain level (beech and silver fir forests, in the central Alps Scots pine forests)
  3+	lower mountain and upper hill levels
  4	hill level (mixed deciduous oak forests)
  4+	hot places, hill level
  5	very hot places, hill level (only in the hottest places, typical of southern Europe)

  Continentality K
  1	Atlantic (high air humidity, very low temperature variations, mild winters)
  2	Sub-Atlantic (high air humidity, low temperature variations, relatively mild winters)
  3	sub-Atlantic to subcontinental (average air humidity, moderately variable temperature, slightly low winter temperatures)
  4	subcontinental (low air humidity, large temperature variations, rather cold winters)
  5	continental (very low air humidity, very large temperature variations, cold winters)

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