Betula pendula Roth

Species description (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

Bis 25 m hoher Baum. Rinde unten dunkel, oben glatt und weiss. Zweige +/- hängend, kahl. Blätter rautenförmig bis 3eckig, lang zugespitzt, doppelt gezähnt, ausgewachsen kahl. Zähne 1. Ordnung mit feiner, oft einwärts gebogener Spitze. Männliche Blütenstände hängend, bis 10 cm lang, weibliche zur Blütezeit aufrecht, später hängend, bis 4 cm lang. Frucht ein einsamiges, dünnhäutiges Nüsschen mit 2 durchsichtigen Flügeln, diese 2-3mal so breit wie die Frucht. Seitenlappen der Fruchtschuppen rückwärts gerichtet.

Flowering period (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

4-5

Habitat and distribution inside Switzerland (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

Ufergelände, Torfmoore, Wälder / kollin-subalpin / CH

World distribution (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

Eurosibirisch

Ecological indicator (© Landolt & al. 2010)

xwx2-43⁺3.p.2n=28

Status

IUCN status

 Least concern

National Priority

 K - no national priority

International responsibility

 K - none

Habitat and distribution inside Switzerland

CH

World distribution

Eurosibirisch

Life form

Habitats

Ecological indicator values by © Landolt & al. (2010)

Soil factors		Climatic factors		Salinity tolerance
Humidity Value H	xw	Light Value L	4	Salinity Index	--
Reaction Value R	x	Temperature factor T	3+
Nutriments value N	2	Continentality K	3

• Ecological values legend
  

  Humidity Value H
  1	very dry
  1+	dry
  2	moderatly dry
  2+	moist
  3	medium wet
  3+	wet
  4	very wet
  4+	soggy
  5	submerged or underwater
  f	plants living in running water
  u	mostly submerged plants
  v	partly submerged, partly floating plants
  w	humidity moderately variable (± scale of 1-2)
  w+	highly variable humidity (scale exceeding ± 2)

  Reaction Value R
  1	Very acid (pH 2.5-5.5)
  2	acid (pH 3.5-6.5)
  3	lightly acid to neutral (pH 4.5-7.5)
  4	neutral to basic (pH 5.5-8.5)
  5	basic (pH 6-5 -> 8.5

  Nutriments value N
  1	very low in nutrients
  2	low in nutriments
  3	medium-poor to medium-rich in nutrients
  4	rich in nutriments
  5	very rich in nutriments

  Salinity tolerance
  1	halotolerant
  3	halophyle

  Light Value L
  1	very shady
  2	shady
  3	lighted areas
  4	luminous
  5	highly luminous

  Temperature factor T
  1	alpine to nival stages (from the treeline to the snowline)
  1+	suprasubalpine and upper subalpine levels (pine and larch forests)
  2	subalpine level (coniferous forests without beeches up to the upper limit of spruces)
  2+	lower subalpine and upper mountain stages
  3	mountain level (beech and silver fir forests, in the central Alps Scots pine forests)
  3+	lower mountain and upper hill levels
  4	hill level (mixed deciduous oak forests)
  4+	hot places, hill level
  5	very hot places, hill level (only in the hottest places, typical of southern Europe)

  Continentality K
  1	Atlantic (high air humidity, very low temperature variations, mild winters)
  2	Sub-Atlantic (high air humidity, low temperature variations, relatively mild winters)
  3	sub-Atlantic to subcontinental (average air humidity, moderately variable temperature, slightly low winter temperatures)
  4	subcontinental (low air humidity, large temperature variations, rather cold winters)
  5	continental (very low air humidity, very large temperature variations, cold winters)

Match with other reference books

Relation	Nom	Book	No
=	Betula pendula Roth	Checklist 2017	60400
=	Betula pendula Roth	Flora Helvetica 2001	253
=	Betula pendula Roth	Flora Helvetica 2012	335
=	Betula pendula Roth	Flora Helvetica 2018	335
=	Betula pendula Roth	Index synonymique 1996	60400
=	Betula pendula Roth	Landolt 1977	824
=	Betula pendula Roth	Landolt 1991	725
=	Betula pendula Roth	SISF/ISFS 2	60400
=	Betula pendula Roth	Welten & Sutter 1982	129

Status on regional Red List 2019

Biogregraphic regions	Status	IUCN criteria
Jura (JU)	LC
Mittelland (MP)	LC
Alpennordflanke (NA)	LC
Alpensüdflanke (SA)	LC
Östliche Zentralalpen (EA)	LC
Westliche Zentralalpen (WA)	LC

• Legend
  

  EX	Extinct
  RE	Regionally Extinct
  CR(PE)	Critically Endangered, Probably Extinct
  CR	Critically Endangered
  EN	Endangered
  VU	Vulnerable
  NT	Near Threatened
  LC	Least Concern